Ancient Civilization And Modern Day Iraq And Kuwait Essay

Ancient Sumerian Civilization The ancient civilization of Sumer was located in modern-day Iraq and Kuwait, and is believed to have begun around 6000 B.C. It is considered ‘The cradle of civilization’ by most historians, because it’s where the first elaborate urban societies appeared. Sumerians were polytheistic, and had a pantheon consisting of many gods and goddesses, who were anthropomorphic superhumans. The Sumerians held a unique view of creation, the afterlife, and worship. They contributed one of the most well known literary works â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh†, which tells of a hero’s quest to attain immortality. Within the Sumerian pantheon there were hundreds of gods, but four were deemed the most important. This included An, god of the heavens, Enlil, the air god, Enki, the water god, and Ninhursag, the mother goddess. It seems at one time An was seen as the greatest of all the other gods, but later on Enlil took his place as the supreme deity. Enlil was seen as â€Å"th e father of the gods,† who brought good weather and abundant crops (Kramer,1963). Enki was credited for creating the earth, and also saves man during the great flood by telling him to build an ark just like the biblical flood account. Enki was also known for bringing wisdom and craftsmanship. Ninhursag was a fertility goddess who brought nature and life to earth (Mark, 2011). The Enuma Elish, tells the story of creation and the struggle for order between the gods. It begins with two separate waters swirlingShow MoreRelatedThe Middle East And The European Powers Changes During The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries1294 Words   |  6 Pageseighteenth and nineteen century. For example, the book â€Å"Sources in the History of The Modern Middle east† gives us some of the events that happened in the Middle East during nineteen century such as; Central Political Reforms and Local Responses 1. 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